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Glossary of Terms
Box Dimensions They are found by measuring the length, width and depth of a box. The dimensions of the box are measured based on the opening. The dimensions can either be measured by the outside or inside of the box. Board Abbreviation for various paperboards (See also: boxboard, chipboard, combined board, containerboard, corrugated board, fiberboard, linerboard and paperboard.) Box A rigid container having closed faces and completely enclosing its contents. (See also: fiberboard box) Box Manufacturer An establishment that has equipment to score, slot, print and join corrugated or solid fiberboard sheets into boxes, and that regularly uses that equipment into the production of fiberboard boxes in commercial quantities. Box Manufacturer's Certificate (BMC) A statement printed within a circular or rectangular border on a corrugated or solid fiberboard box guaranteeing that all applicable construction requirements of the carrier classification have been observed and identifying the box manufacturer. Box Style Distinctive configuration of a box design, without regard to size. A name or number identifies styles in common use. Burst Strength/Mullen The force required to rupture linerboard or combined board, using hydraulic pressure measured by a Mullen tester, related indirectly to the box's ability to withstand external or internal forces, and to contain the contents during rough handling. This method cannot be used on triple wall combined board and is of limited reliability on double wall, as it is difficult to force the apparatus through the multiple facings simultaneously. When using certain specifications in the carrier classification, minimum burst strength must be certified. Caliper The thickness (caliper) of the board affects flexural stiffness (bending resistance), which in turn affects box compression strength. Caliper multiplied by a constant is an approximate substitution for flexural stiffness in the modified and short form of the compression strength formulas. Caliper measurements before and after box manufacturing-indicating any loss of caliper- are also used as an indirect measure of manufacturing quality. Caliper of a material is usually expressed in thousandths of an inch (mils) or sometimes referred to as "points" Carton (folding carton) A folding box made from boxboard, used for consumer quantities of product. A carton is not recognized as a shipping container. Chipboard A paperboard generally made from recycled paper stock. Uses include backing sheets for padded writing paper, partitions within boxes and center ply or plies of solid fiberboard. Classification, Freight The rules and regulations governing the acceptance of freight in transportation, contained in publications issued by the truck (motor freight) and rail common carriers. The rules describe acceptance forms of packaging for each commodity and specify the minimum requirements for shipping containers. Failure to comply with the rules can result in refusal to carry the freight, penalty increases in freight charges and/or denial of claims for damage. Compression Strength Compression strength is a corrugated box's resistance to uniformly applied external forces. Top-to-bottom compression strength is related to the load a container may encounter when stacked. End-to-end or side-to-side compression may also be of interest for particular applications. While the finished box can be tested, certain tests of containerboard (ring crush and short span compression) and combined board (edge crush and flexural stiffness) can be used to predict the compression strength of the finished box. Concora Flute Crush (CFC-O)/ Fluted Edge Crush Resistance The edgewise compression performance of fluted medium determines the contribution of the medium to the compression strength of the completed container. Conditioning Placing paper or packaging material under controlled conditions in order to reach a specific moisture level and temperature. Regulating the moisture content and temperature of packaging materials in preparation for testing. Container A receptacle used to contain or hold goods. In shipping, usually the outer protection used to package goods. Containerboard The paperboard components (linerboard, corrugated material and chipboard) used to manufacture corrugated and solid fiberboard. The raw materials used to make containerboard may be virgin cellulose fiber recycled fiber or a combination of both. Corrugated Board or Corrugated Fiberboard The structure formed by gluing one or more sheets of fluted corrugating medium to one or more flat facings of linerboard. There are four common types:
Corrugating/Corrugated Medium The type of paperboard used in forming the fluted portion of corrugated board. Design Style A style of fiberboard trays or caps having flaps scored, folded and secured at flange side walls forming the depth, as opposed to a slotted style having a set of major and minor closing flaps. Die Cut The act of cutting raw material (such as a box blank) by using a die. Dimensions The three measurements of a box, given in the sequence of length, width and depth. Inside dimensions are used to ensure proper fit around a product. Outside dimensions are used in the carrier classifications and in determining pallet patterns/
Facings Sheets of linerboard used as the flat outer members of combined corrugated board. Sometimes called inside and outside liners. Fiberboard A general term describing combined paperboard (corrugated or solid) used to manufacture containers. (See also: combined board) Fiberboard Box or Fiber Box A shipping container made of corrugated or solid fiberboard. Flute or Corrugation The wave shapes pressed into corrugated medium A, B, C, E and F are common flute types, along with a variety of much larger flutes and smaller flutes. Flute (or Corrugated) Direction The normal direction of flutes is parallel to the depth of the box, so that they are vertical when the box is stacked for shipment. In end-opening and wraparound box styles, the flute direction may be parallel to the length and width, resulting in a "horizontal corrugated box." Hot-melt Adhesive Polymer adhesive solid at room temperature, which is liquefied by heat, applied molten and forms a bond by cooling and solidifying. Inner Packing Materials or parts used to support, position or cushion an item without a shipping container, to support the corners or top of the container, or to fill voids. Item 222 A rule in the National Motor Freight Classification of the motor common carriers containing requirements for corrugated and solid fiberboard boxes. Used for the specific rule, and sometimes for the series of related rules designated items 222, 222-1, 222-2, 222-3, 222-4, 222-5 and 222-6. Joint (manufacturer's joint) The part of the box where the ends of the scored and slotted blank are fastened together by taping, stitching or gluing. Knocked-Down (KD) or Knocked-Down Flat (KDF) Boxes in flat form, either before or after the joint has been formed. An article that is partially or entirely taken apart for packing and shipment. Kraft Word of German origin meaning strength; designates pulp, paper or paperboard produced from wood fibers by the sulfate process. Natural Kraft has a characteristic light brown appearance. Label A separate slip or sheet of paper affixed to a surface for identification or description. For fiberboard boxes include
Linerboard Paperboard used for the flat outer facing of combined corrugated fiberboard, and the outer plies of solid fiberboard. Master Pack A shipping container used to overwrap or contain a number of individual containers. Nested When three or more different sizes of an article are placed within the next larger size, or when three or more of the same articles are placed one within the other so that each upper article does not project above the next lower article by more than one-third of its height. Overlap A design feature wherein the top and/or bottom flaps of a box do not butt, but extend one over the other. The amount of overlap is measured from flap edge to flap edge. Pad A corrugated or solid fiberboard sheet, or sheet of other authorized material, used for extra protection or for separating tiers or layers of articles when packed for shipment. Palletizing Securing and loading containers on pallets for shipment as a single unit load, typically for handling by mechanical equipment. Paperboard One of the two major product categories of the paper industry. Includes the broad classification of materials made of cellulose fibers, primarily wood pulp and recycled paper stock, on board machines. The major types are containerboard and boxboard. (The other major product group of the paper industry is paper, including printing and writing papers, packaging papers, newsprint and tissue. Partitions A set of corrugated or solid fiberboard or chipboard pieces that interlock when assembled to form a number of cells into which articles may be placed for shipment. Ply Any of the several layers of linerboard or solid fiberboard. Recyclable Packaging material that may be processed through a number of treatment or changes in order to be reused. Set-up Boxes Boxes that have been squared, with one set of end flaps sealed, ready to be filled with product. An article that is packed for shipment in a fully assembled or erected form. Sheet A rectangle of combined board, untrimmed or trimmed, and sometimes scored across the corrugations when that operation is done on the corrugator. Also, a rectangle of any of the component layers of containerboard, or of paper or a web of paperboard as it is being unwound from the roll. Shipping Container A container that is sufficiently strong to be used in commerce for packing, storing and transporting commodities. Slot A wide cut, or pair of closely spaced parallel cuts including removal of a narrow strip of material made in a fiberboard sheet, usually to form flaps and permit folding without bulges caused by the thickness of the material. Common widths are ¼ in. (6 mm) and 3/8 in. (9mm.) Stapler or Stitcher Machine that seals the joint and/or flaps of a box with metal staples or stitches. Staples or Stitches Metal fasteners used to seal the joint of a box or close the flaps. Staples are preformed, and the tines are closed as they pierce the box. Stitches are machine-formed using wire drawn from a spool. Tape A narrow strip of cloth, paper or plastic sometimes having a filler or reinforcement, coated on one side with an adhesive, and used to seal the joint or flaps of a fiberboard box or to reinforce a box. Tube A sheet of combined board, scored and folded to a multi-sided form with open ends. It may be an element of a box style or a unit of interior packing that provides protection and compression strength. Vibration Damage Resistance The shipping container's ability to protect the contents from vibration damage is evaluated by subjecting it to various types of motion (rotary, linear, sinusoidal or random waves forms). Inspection helps identify any problems such as resonance of the product or package or abrasion of the contents. |